Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a chronic bone disease characterized by decreased bone density and deterioration of bone microarchitecture, leading to increased bone fragility and a higher risk of fractures. The most common sites for osteoporosis-related fractures are the wrist, hip, and spine.

Causes and Risk Factors

Age

Osteoporosis is more common in older adults, particularly in postmenopausal women due to the decline in estrogen levels.

Hormonal Factors

Reduced levels of estrogen in women and testosterone in men contribute to bone loss.

Diet

Insufficient intake of calcium and vitamin D can increase the risk of developing osteoporosis.

Sedentary Lifestyle

Lack of physical activity can lead to decreased bone density.

Smoking and Alcohol

Both smoking and excessive alcohol consumption are linked to decreased bone health.

Symptoms

Osteoporosis is often called the “silent disease” because it usually progresses without symptoms until a fracture occurs. Some potential signs include:
– Back Pain: This can result from fractured or collapsed vertebrae.

– Loss of Height: Over time, people with osteoporosis may become shorter.
– Stooped Posture: Kyphosis, or a hunched back, can develop due to vertebral fractures.

Prevention and Treatment

– Diet: Eating foods rich in calcium and vitamin D is essential. Supplements may be necessary in some cases.
– Exercise: Regular weight-bearing and resistance exercises help maintain bone density.

– Medications: Doctors may prescribe medications that slow bone loss or promote bone formation.
– Risk Factor Modification: Avoiding smoking and limiting alcohol intake are important preventive measures.

Diagnosis:
Osteoporosis is typically diagnosed using a bone density test, such as a Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. Early diagnosis and appropriate management can significantly reduce the risk of fractures and improve the quality of life for those with osteoporosis.

Managing osteoporosis involves a combination of lifestyle changes, dietary adjustments, and medical treatments, tailored to reduce the risk of fractures and maintain bone health.

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