Hallux Valgus

Hallux valgus, commonly known as a bunion, is a foot deformity where the big toe deviates towards the other toes, causing a noticeable bump on the side of the foot. This misalignment occurs at the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint, where the first metatarsal bone (the bone leading to the big toe) shifts outward, and the big toe (hallux) points inward toward the other toes.

Causes

- Genetics: Some people inherit a predisposition to develop bunions.
- Footwear: Wearing tight, narrow shoes or high heels that squeeze the toes together can exacerbate or contribute to the condition.
- Other conditions: Flat feet, rheumatoid arthritis, or neuromuscular diseases can also increase the likelihood of developing hallux valgus.

Symptoms

- A bony bump at the base of the big toe.
- Swelling, redness, or soreness around the joint.
- Restricted movement of the big toe.
- Pain, especially when walking or wearing shoes.
- Calluses or corns where the big toe and second toe overlap.

Treatment

- Non-surgical: Wearing wider shoes, using bunion pads, icing the area, anti-inflammatory medications, and orthotics.
- Surgical: If the pain and deformity become severe, surgery (bunionectomy) may be recommended to realign the bones.

Preventing the progression of hallux valgus involves wearing appropriate footwear and managing symptoms early.

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