Forearm Fractures

A forearm fracture refers to a break in one or both of the bones in the forearm: the radius and the ulna. These fractures are common, particularly in children and athletes, and can result from falls, direct blows, or accidents.

Types of Forearm Fractures

Distal Radius Fracture (Colles' Fracture)

A break near the wrist, usually caused by falling onto an outstretched hand.

Ulna Fracture

May occur alone, often from direct trauma, such as being struck on the arm.

Both Bone Forearm Fracture

Both the radius and ulna are broken, often requiring surgical intervention.

Monteggia Fracture

A fracture of the ulna with dislocation of the radial head.

Galeazzi Fracture

A fracture of the radius with dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint.

Symptoms

– Severe pain at the site of the fracture.
– Swelling, bruising, and tenderness.
– Deformity or abnormal angulation of the arm.

– Inability to move the arm or hand properly.
– Numbness or weakness, indicating possible nerve injury.

Diagnosis

– Physical Examination: The doctor will assess the arm’s appearance, movement, and blood flow.

– X-rays: Standard imaging to confirm the fracture and its location.
– CT or MRI: In complex cases, these may be used to assess soft tissue and bone involvement.

Treatment

1. Non-Surgical:
– Casting or Splinting: Used if the bones are aligned or can be realigned without surgery.
– Immobilization: Typically for 4-8 weeks, depending on the severity.
– Physical Therapy: After the cast is removed to restore function and strength.

2. Surgical:
– Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF): Metal plates, screws, or rods may be used to stabilize the bones.
– External Fixation: Pins and an external frame may be used in severe cases.
– Rehabilitation: Post-surgery physical therapy is crucial for recovery.

Complications

– Non-union or Malunion: The bones may not heal properly or may heal in the wrong position.
– Compartment Syndrome: A painful condition where swelling cuts off blood supply, potentially leading to muscle and nerve damage.

– Infection: Particularly in cases where surgery is involved.
– Loss of Function: Prolonged immobilization or nerve injury may lead to a reduced range of motion or strength.

Prevention

– Protective Gear: Especially for athletes in contact sports.
– Fall Prevention: For older adults, ensuring a safe environment can reduce the risk of falls.

– Bone Health: Adequate calcium and vitamin D intake and regular exercise can strengthen bones.

Forearm fractures require prompt medical attention to ensure proper healing and to minimize complications.

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