Acromiovascular Joint Arthritis

Acromioclavicular (AC) joint arthritis is a condition where the cartilage in the AC joint—the joint at the top of the shoulder where the acromion (part of the shoulder blade) meets the clavicle (collarbone)—wears down, leading to pain and stiffness. This joint is crucial for shoulder movement and is often affected by wear and tear, especially in people who frequently perform overhead activities or lifting, such as athletes or laborers.

Causes

Osteoarthritis

The most common cause, where the cartilage naturally wears down over time.

Previous Injury

Past injuries to the shoulder, such as dislocations or fractures, can accelerate the development of arthritis.

Overuse

Repetitive use of the shoulder joint in activities like weightlifting, throwing, or manual labor can lead to AC joint arthritis.

Symptoms

– Pain: Typically felt on the top of the shoulder, which may worsen with overhead activities or when lying on the affected side.
– Swelling: Inflammation can lead to visible swelling over the joint.

– Decreased Range of Motion: Stiffness in the shoulder can limit movement, particularly in activities requiring the arm to be lifted.
– Crepitus: A grinding or clicking sensation may be felt in the shoulder during movement.

Diagnosis

– Physical Examination: A doctor will assess the shoulder for pain, swelling, and range of motion. Specific tests, like the cross-body adduction test (where the arm is brought across the body), can help localize the pain to the AC joint.

– Imaging: X-rays are commonly used to confirm the diagnosis, showing narrowing of the joint space, bone spurs, or other changes indicative of arthritis. MRI or CT scans may be used if there’s a need to evaluate soft tissues or if surgery is being considered.

Treatment

Non-Surgical Options:
– Rest and Activity Modification: Avoiding activities that aggravate the shoulder.
– Physical Therapy: Exercises to strengthen the muscles around the shoulder and improve flexibility.

– Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can reduce pain and inflammation.
– Injections: Corticosteroid injections into the joint can provide temporary relief of symptoms.

Surgical Options

– Arthroscopic Resection: If non-surgical treatments are ineffective, surgery may be recommended. The most common procedure

is distal clavicle excision, where a small portion of the collarbone is removed to prevent it from rubbing against the acromion.

Prognosis

Most people with AC joint arthritis respond well to conservative treatments and can manage their symptoms effectively. For those who

require surgery, the outcomes are generally good, with many individuals experiencing significant relief from pain and improved shoulder function.

Prevention

– Strengthening Exercises: Regular shoulder exercises to keep the muscles strong can help prevent or slow the progression of arthritis.

– Proper Technique: Using proper techniques in sports and physical activities to reduce stress on the shoulder joint.
– Avoiding Overuse: Balancing activity with rest to prevent overloading the joint.

If you’re experiencing symptoms of AC joint arthritis, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and tailored treatment plan.

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