Hip Fracture

A hip fracture is a serious injury, particularly common in older adults, that involves a break in the upper part of the femur (thigh bone). Here are key points about hip fractures:

Types of Hip Fractures

Intracapsular

Occurs within the capsule of the hip joint, including the femoral neck.

Intertrochanteric

Occurs between the greater and lesser trochanters (bony protrusions on the femur).

Subtrochanteric

Occurs below the lesser trochanter.

Causes

1. Falls: The most common cause, especially in older adults with osteoporosis (weakened bones).
2. Trauma: Such as car accidents or high-impact sports injuries.

3. Osteoporosis: A condition that weakens bones, making them more susceptible to fractures.
4. Medical Conditions: Certain conditions, like cancer, can weaken bones and lead to fractures.

Symptoms

1. Severe pain: In the hip or groin area, especially when trying to move or put weight on the affected leg.
2. Inability to move: The leg after a fall.

3. Swelling or bruising: Around the hip area.
4. Shortened or externally rotated leg: The injured leg may appear shorter or turned outward.

Diagnosis

1. Physical Examination: Checking for pain, swelling, and deformity.

2. Imaging: X-rays are the primary diagnostic tool. Sometimes, an MRI or CT scan is needed if the fracture isn’t visible on an X-ray.

Treatment

1. Surgery: The primary treatment, often involving:
– Internal fixation: Using screws, plates, or rods to stabilize the bone.
– Hemiarthroplasty: Replacing part of the hip joint.
– Total hip replacement: Replacing the entire hip joint.

2. Rehabilitation: Post-surgery physical therapy is crucial for recovery.
3. Medications: Pain relief and sometimes medications to strengthen bones (e.g., bisphosphonates).

Prognosis and Complications

– Recovery time: Varies, with older adults often needing extended rehabilitation.

– Complications: May include infections, blood clots, and decreased mobility. Mortality rates are also higher in older adults due to associated complications.

Prevention

1. Fall prevention: Installing safety features like handrails and removing tripping hazards.
2. Bone health: Ensuring adequate calcium and vitamin D intake and engaging in weight-bearing exercises.

3. Medication review: To avoid drugs that might cause dizziness or falls.

Early intervention and appropriate treatment can significantly improve outcomes for hip fractures, but the injury is often life-altering, particularly for elderly patients.

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