Achilles Tendon Rupture

An Achilles tendon rupture is a severe injury where the Achilles tendon, located at the back of the ankle, tears either partially or completely. This tendon connects the calf muscles (gastrocnemius and soleus) to the heel bone (calcaneus) and plays a crucial role in walking, running, and jumping by enabling the foot to push off the ground.

Symptoms

– Sudden, sharp pain: Often described as feeling like a kick or a shot to the back of the ankle.
– Popping sound: Some people hear a pop or snap when the tendon ruptures.

– Difficulty walking: The ability to push off the foot becomes limited, leading to difficulty in walking or standing on tiptoes.
– Swelling and bruising: The area may swell, and bruising can occur.

Causes

- Sudden increase in stress: A sharp movement or excessive force, like jumping or pivoting suddenly, often during sports.
- Overuse or degeneration: Repetitive strain or aging can weaken the tendon.
- Direct trauma: A blow to the Achilles tendon.

Diagnosis

- Physical examination: A gap may be felt along the tendon. The Thompson test, where the calf is squeezed to check for foot movement, is commonly used.
- Imaging: Ultrasound or MRI can confirm the extent of the tear.

Risk Factors

– Age: Common in people aged 30-50.
– Sports: Activities that involve sudden stops, starts, or jumps, such as basketball, soccer, or tennis.

– Previous tendon problems: A history of tendinitis or prior Achilles injuries.
– Medications: Certain antibiotics (e.g., fluoroquinolones) or corticosteroids can increase the risk of rupture.

Treatment

– Nonsurgical: For partial tears or in less active individuals, treatments may include rest, immobilization (using a cast or boot), and physical therapy.

– Surgical: In many cases, especially for full ruptures or in active individuals, surgery is recommended to stitch the torn tendon back together. Surgery is often followed by rehabilitation.

Recovery

– Recovery can take several months. It often involves immobilization in a boot or cast for a period followed by physical therapy to

restore strength and range of motion. Full return to sports may take 6 to 12 months, depending on the individual and the severity of the rupture.

Do you have any specific questions about Achilles tendon rupture, such as treatment options or recovery processes?

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